Fig. 1

Number of vascular plant species, sub-divided by functional groups, found on control (C) and treatment (T) subplots by land-use type (m meadow, p pasture, mp mown pasture) and year (2009 left, 2010 right). Bars represent mean values ± SEM of the total number of species. Exploratories are referred to as SA (Swabian Alp, south-west Germany), HD (Hainich-Dün, central Germany) and SC (Schorfheide-Chorin, north-east Germany)