Fig. 1

Patterns of leaf damage sustained by S. interior plants that received natural levels of herbivory (controls) and plants treated with insecticide to reduce folivory. Types of damage shown are total folivory (the sum of all insect feeding damage), leaf mining alone, missing tissue removed by external leaf chewers and skeletonizers alone, and infection by tar spot fungus (Rhytisma acerinum). Asterisks identify statistical significance at P < 0.05